Research
Latest published research we're tracking.
The newest skincare and haircare papers from PubMed, linked to the ingredients we decode. Summaries are the authors' own abstracts — we excerpt, attribute, and link out to the source.
130 papers under Contact allergy
Prevalence of Contact Allergy to Isothiazolinones in Dermatitis Patients From 2000 to 2025: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Contact dermatitis · 2026
Isothiazolinones are employed in the preservation of cosmetic, consumer and industrial products, with the objective of preventing deterioration and spoilage. However, the utilization of isothiazolinones is associated with an elevated risk of developing contact allergy (CA). Herein, we assess the epidemiology of CA to isothiazolinones among dermatitis patients from year 2000 onwards. We… Read on PubMed →
Oxidative stress-mediated DNA fragmentation involved in STING-dependent apoptosis in human keratinocytes by 5-amino-2-methylphenol under ambient UVB exposure.
Archives of toxicology · 2026
Permanent hair dyes are widely used cosmetic products, but they can pose health risks due to their potential to cause DNA damage, inflammation, and allergic reactions. 5-Amino-2-methylphenol (5AMP), a widely used coupler with documented skin sensitization, absorbs UVB, but its photochemical behaviour is insufficiently characterized and remains unassessed in regulatory phototoxicity reports… Read on PubMed →
Patch Test Results With the European Baseline Series, 2021/2022-Joint European Results of the ESSCAA and the EBSB Working Groups of the ESCD, and the GEIDACC.
Contact dermatitis · 2026
BACKGROUND: Patch test results obtained with the European Baseline Series (EBS) in its current version serve both contact allergy surveillance and (re-)assessing the diagnostic value of EBS allergens. OBJECTIVES: To present results of current EBS patch testing, obtained in 59 departments in 14 European countries during 2021 and 2022. METHODS: Anonymised or pseudonymised individual data, and… Read on PubMed →
SkinCast: an AI-driven mechanistically interpretable model for predicting skin sensitization of environmentally released consumer product ingredients.
Environment international · 2026
Consumer product ingredients released into the environment may cause secondary human exposure and potential adverse outcomes (AOs) such as skin sensitization, a complex immunological process defined by four key events (KEs) within the AO pathway. To enhance interpretability and predictive reliability, we developed SkinCast, an AI-driven, mechanistically interpretable model that integrates these… Read on PubMed →
RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, hexadecane, CAS Registry Number 544-76-3.
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2026
Hexadecane was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, photoirritation/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data show that hexadecane is not genotoxic and provide a calculated Margin of Exposure (MOE) > 100 for the repeated dose toxicity endpoint. Data from read-across analog undecane (CAS # 1120-21-4)… Read on PubMed →
Allergic Contact Dermatitis From Medical Adhesive Tape Used for Friction Blister Prevention in the Norwegian Armed Forces: A Case Series.
Contact dermatitis · 2026
BACKGROUND: Colophony and its derivatives are common allergens. Contact dermatitis from colophony-containing adhesive tapes for blister prevention has previously been reported among Swedish conscripts. OBJECTIVES: To present the investigation of suspected allergic contact dermatitis among Norwegian military personnel exposed to medical adhesive tapes during service. PATIENTS/MATERIALS/METHODS… Read on PubMed →
Development of a Generic Analysis Method for Isothiazolinones in Consumer Products Prompted by Increased Sensitisation to Benzisothiazolinone.
Contact dermatitis · 2026
BACKGROUND: Isothiazolinones are widely used as preservatives in both cosmetic and non-cosmetic products. Sensitisation to isothiazolinones other than chloromethylisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (CMIT/MIT), present in the baseline series, is increasing. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of sensitisation to benzisothiazolinone (BIT) in comparison to CMIT/MIT and to develop a… Read on PubMed →
Development of a 3D bioprinted human skin model for predictive toxicology.
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2026
Three-dimensional (3D) cultures represent an advanced approach for mimicking the architecture and cellular complexity of human tissues, providing a valuable alternative to conventional two-dimensional models. In particular, 3D bioprinting enables the generation of precise, standardized and biomimetic tissue constructs, with controlled spatial organization. The aim of the study was to design a… Read on PubMed →
Trends in Contact Sensitization Among Korean Patients: A Multicenter 6-Year Retrospective Patch Test Study.
Contact dermatitis · 2026
BACKGROUND: Allergic contact dermatitis is influenced by demographic factors. Updated epidemiologic data are needed to optimise patch test panels and preventive strategies. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate trends and determinants of allergen sensitization in Korean patients undergoing patch testing. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patch test records of 2271 patients at 15 university hospitals in Korea… Read on PubMed →
Prevalence of Contact Allergy to Colophonium in Dermatitis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Contact dermatitis · 2026
Colophonium is present in many consumer and industrial products, including medical devices and cosmetic products. Due to its extensive use, there is an inherent risk of developing a contact allergy to it. Previous studies have shown that the prevalence rate of contact allergy to colophonium is around 1%-2%. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the current prevalence of colophonium contact allergy… Read on PubMed →
Patch Testing in Individuals With Diabetes Using Medical Devices. Part 2-Contact Allergy to Medical Device Allergens and New Patch Test Recommendations.
Contact dermatitis · 2026
BACKGROUND: Previous studies on contact allergy to diabetes medical devices (MDs) are based on patients referred for patch testing due to suspected allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVES: To present real-world data on contact allergy to MD allergens among diabetes MD users. To suggest a MD patch test series. METHODS: Adults with type 1 diabetes using diabetes MDs followed up at two… Read on PubMed →
Contact Sensitization in Patients With Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: Patch Test Results With an Extended Baseline Series in Consecutive Patients.
Contact dermatitis · 2026
INTRODUCTION: Contact sensitization has been reported in patients with frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA). OBJECTIVES: To analyse sensitization in FFA-patients and the improvement of symptoms after allergen avoidance. METHODS: We performed patch tests with an extended baseline series in FFA-patients across Spain and assessed the allergen avoidance impact. RESULTS: 133 FFA-patients were… Read on PubMed →
Allergen Content of Inactive Ingredients in Best-Selling Sunscreens: A Comparison of Key Product Features.
Contact dermatitis · 2026
BACKGROUND: Irritant and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by sunscreens may affect patient adherence and photoprotection. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare the presence of inactive allergens from the North American 80 Comprehensive Series (NAC-80) across top-selling sunscreens. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of inactive ingredient lists from all reported best-selling… Read on PubMed →
Anti-inflammatory effects of 1,8-cineol via NF-κB/COX-2 pathway in BEAS-2B cells and alleviates bronchoconstriction and airway hyperreactivity in ovalbumin sensitized mice.
Frontiers in immunology · 2026
OBJECTIVE: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by airway remodeling and hyperresponsiveness, driven in part by TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The natural compound 1,8-cineol, derived from Eucalyptus globulus, has shown anti-inflammatory potential. This study aimed to investigate its protective effects against EMT and airway inflammation via the… Read on PubMed →
Cosmetic preservatives: physicochemical descriptors, mechanistic toxicity, and methodological approaches.
Toxicology mechanisms and methods · 2026
Cosmetic preservatives are widely used to ensure microbiological stability, yet their health risk assessment requires an understanding of dermal penetration mechanisms, interactions with the skin barrier, and cellular responses. This review presents mechanistic aspects of toxicity across major preservative classes, including parabens, formaldehyde donors, benzyl alcohol and its derivatives… Read on PubMed →
ExSERA: The explainable machine learning model for skin sensitization risk assessment.
Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP · 2026
The development of new approach methodologies using machine learning offers promising alternatives to animal testing for toxicity assessment. However, to be suitable for regulatory use, machine learning models must ensure transparency and interpretability. In this study, we developed the explainable machine learning model for skin sensitization risk assessment (ExSERA), a regression model designed… Read on PubMed →
Absorption and Effects of Patch Test Preparations of Hydroperoxides of Limonene and Hydroperoxides of Linalool in Human Ex Vivo Skin.
Contact dermatitis · 2026
BACKGROUND: Limonene and linalool are fragrance terpenes that undergo autoxidation to sensitizing hydroperoxides. This study assessed the penetration of limonene hydroperoxide and linalool hydroperoxide from patch test preparations in ex vivo human skin samples, alongside analysing the effects of the patch test preparations on the composition of skin lipids, using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass… Read on PubMed →
From laboratory to real-world exposure: correlating cosmetic patch test results with large-scale consumer safety data from e-commerce platforms.
Frontiers in public health · 2026
BACKGROUND: Limited research exists on revealing the correlation between laboratory safety tests and real-world safety feedback from consumers of cosmetics. OBJECTIVE: To establish cosmetovigilance by associating patch test results with consumer-reported adverse reaction (CRARs) feedback form e-commerce feedback for cosmetics targeting sensitive skin. METHODS: Patch tests were performed on a… Read on PubMed →
The Prevalence of Contact Allergy to Formaldehyde and Formaldehyde Releasers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Contact dermatitis · 2026
Formaldehyde and its releasers are common preservatives and potent sensitizers. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of formaldehyde contact allergy and allergy to its five most common releasers among dermatitis patients. Two authors independently searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to 30th September 2025. A proportion meta-analysis was conducted using a… Read on PubMed →
RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, ethyl octadecanoate, CAS Registry Number 111-61-5.
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2026
Ethyl octadecanoate was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, photoirritation/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data show that ethyl octadecanoate is not genotoxic. Data on ethyl octadecanoate provide a calculated Margin of Exposure (MOE) > 100 for the repeated dose toxicity and reproductive toxicity… Read on PubMed →