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Hyperpigmentation (dark spots)

Tell red marks, brown marks, and melasma apart before choosing an active—and understand why daily sun protection changes the outcome.

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Clear cosmetic formulas in cobalt laboratory glassware

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3 articles

PIE vs PIH: why the color of your acne marks decides the treatment
Red marks and brown marks are different problems with different fixes — and most 'fade your dark spots' advice only works on one of them.
Skin scienceJun 22, 20263 min readRead article
Vitamin C: the antioxidant claim, and the trial behind it
L-ascorbic acid is the most-hyped antioxidant in skincare. A six-month placebo-controlled study is where the smoothing claims come from.
IngredientsJun 12, 20262 min readRead article
Sunscreen myths, checked against the evidence
Reapply every two hours? SPF 50 versus 30? PA ratings and tinted formulas? Here's which sunscreen rules are real — and the one habit that actually earns its effort.
Evidence & mythsJun 19, 20263 min readRead article

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Start here

Let's get specific

PIE vs PIH: why the color of your acne marks decides the treatment

Vitamin C: the antioxidant claim, and the trial behind it

Sunscreen myths, checked against the evidence

Start here

Let's get specific

PIE vs PIH: why the color of your acne marks decides the treatment

Vitamin C: the antioxidant claim, and the trial behind it

Sunscreen myths, checked against the evidence