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A fatty alcohol — a waxy, solid C16 alcohol (often from coconut or palm kernel oil) — and a good example of why 'alcohol' on a label is not automatically drying. Unlike the small, volatile solvent alcohols such as alcohol denat. Full ingredient page →

The most-studied over-the-counter form of vitamin A: once on the skin it converts (via retinaldehyde) into active retinoic acid, which boosts cell turnover and collagen-related processes to smooth fine lines and improve skin quality. Full ingredient page →

A lightweight, skin-identical emollient oil made by hydrogenating squalene, a lipid our own skin produces in sebum. Full ingredient page →

Vitamin E, the major fat-soluble (lipophilic) antioxidant in our skin. It works as a radical scavenger that donates a hydrogen atom to free radicals, protecting cell-membrane lipids (and the oils in a formula) from oxidation. Full ingredient page →