Retinyl Palmitate.

What it does

Benefits

• Provides mild anti-aging and antioxidant support with a low risk of irritation
• A good entry-level vitamin A for very sensitive skin or people new to retinoids
• More stable than retinol, so it holds up better in formulations
• Can be a gentle way to introduce vitamin A before stepping up to stronger retinoids

Side effects

• Much weaker than retinol or retinal because skin absorption and conversion are limited, so visible anti-aging results are modest
• Best applied at night; some studies raised questions about its behavior under UV light, so daytime sun protection is sensible
• Low but non-zero potential for irritation in very reactive skin

Who it's for

People with sensitive skin or beginners who want a very gentle, stable form of vitamin A for mild anti-aging

Who should be careful

Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding as a precaution, since it is a preformed vitamin A derivative. Those wanting noticeable anti-aging results may find it too weak and prefer retinol or retinal; use at night and pair with daytime sunscreen.