Tromethamine.

Pure vitamin C; an antioxidant that brightens and supports collagen.

Calms redness and fades post-acne marks; one of the few actives considered pregnancy-friendly.

A gentler AHA exfoliant that also hydrates; good for first-time acid users.

An oil-soluble (BHA) exfoliant that clears pores from the inside; the go-to for blackheads.

The strongest common AHA exfoliant; smooths texture and fades dark spots.

A humectant and gentle exfoliant in one; a dermatology staple for rough, very dry skin.