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Ingredient

Methylparaben

Korean label: 메틸파라벤

The most common member of the paraben family of preservatives — the methyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (a compound that also occurs naturally in some plants and insects). 4% in the EU) to stop bacteria, mould and yeast from growing in water-containing cosmetics, which keeps a product safe to use over its shelf life.

Key facts

INCI name
Methylparaben
Also known as
메틸파라벤
Evidence grade
moderate evidence
Reviewed

Similar ingredients

others that do something alike

What it does

moderate evidence

It is added in small amounts (regulated to a maximum of 0.4% in the EU) to stop bacteria, mould and yeast from growing in water-containing cosmetics, which keeps a product safe to use over its shelf life. It is inexpensive, colourless, odourless, stable and effective, and is most active against fungi.

Benefits

  • Reliable broad-spectrum preservation that keeps products safe from microbial spoilage
  • Particularly effective against mould and yeast, often paired with other parabens for fuller coverage
  • Well-studied, well-tolerated by most skin, and stable across a wide pH range
  • Readily metabolised: absorbed parabens are converted to p-hydroxybenzoic acid and excreted rather than accumulating

Side effects

  • Allergic contact dermatitis is possible but uncommon
  • Subject of an endocrine/estrogenic safety debate: a 2004 study detected parabens in breast-tumour tissue, which fuelled concern, but it did not show parabens cause cancer and could not prove a source
  • Methylparaben specifically shows little to no binding at estrogen/androgen receptors in lab studies, and regulators (US FDA, EU SCCS, the Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel) consider it safe at the low levels permitted in cosmetics
  • Some in-vitro work suggests methylparaben on skin may interact with UV light, so daily sunscreen use is sensible practice anyway

Who it's for

Anyone using water-based skincare that needs effective, well-established preservation

Who should be careful

People with a known paraben contact allergy, and those who prefer to avoid parabens by personal choice can choose paraben-free alternatives

Researched & reviewed · July 2, 2026

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